Why is christianity associated with Western Civilization?

LO1: Define Christianity

LO2: Identify early events in the spread of Christianity that make it linked to Western Civilization

*Thinking Historically: The spread of Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or "Messiah", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.

Started in the modern Middle East. Spread geographically 

Pyramids on the Nile

LO1: Describe the geography of Egypt.
LO2: Discuss the role of Pharaoh in Egypt society.
LO3: Identify the cultural and technological achievements of the Egyptians.

Egyptian society is built and centered around the Nile. They were surrounded by deserts. It is 500 mile long strip of fertile land along the Nile. Lower Egypt was the wide land of the delta that emptied into the Mediterranean Sea. Separated into two different land.

Two lands were untied by a single king or "Pharaoh." The Egyptians believed the Pharaoh was the gods.

Some cultural and technological achievements were the canals they made for transportation. Also the pyramids they built for the Pharaohs after they died. They built 100 total. 80 still stand today.

1. What role do you   think the Nile River played in Egypt’s prosperity? Do you think ancient Egypt could have become  a majestic civilization without the Nile?

The Nile River was good and bad. The Nile flooded their land but also gave them growing seasons on fertile land. Egypt could not have become a majestic civilization without the Nile because it was the center of farming and culture.

2. What were some of the ways Egyptians harnessed the power of the Nile? What was the  primary route of transportation they developed, and what were the techniques ancient Egyptians used to develop them?

The Egyptians harnessed the power of the Nile by using it for their agriculture but it also flooded. They tried to build a barrier such as a dam to prevent flooding.The primary route of transportation they developed was the canals. They were equivalent to a highway. It was used to transport many things such as people, stones, and grain.

3. How would you describe the power structure of ancient Egypt? What does it mean to describe Egyptian kings and queens as “divine”? What powers did they believe this enabled them?

The power structure of ancient Egypt was one person held the power over the people. To describe Egyptian kings and queens as divine means higher than the rest of the population.

4. What were  some examples of the challenges laborers faced in constructing Egypt’s monuments? What do you think motivated them?

Some challenges laborers faced was how hot it was. Also they had to transport heavy bricks across the desert by pulling them on sleds. I think the Pharaoh motivated them because they believed he was the gods.

5. What  are some of the connections between Egyptian engineering and the expansion of its empire?

Egyptian engineering effected the expansion of it's empire by creating canals and a way of transportation. The more advanced the civilization became. The more the empire would expand.

6. Why are Egyptian obelisks considered one of the most amazing architectural feats ever achieved? Do you think they could be constructed today?

Egyptian obelisks are the tall mounts that had four sides. They constructed them and got them to stand very high in the air. I think that they could be built today because we are more advanced.

The Code of Hammurabi

LO1: Define Hammurabi, Hammurabi's Code
LO2: Describe the historical significance of the Code of Hammurabi
Thinking Critically: Case Study: The Code of Hammurabi

Hammurabi: A Babylonian king whole ruled from 1792 BC to 1750 BC
Hammurabi's Code: The law of the Babylonian Empire

The Code of Hammurabi was the first set of laws focused on crime and punishment. Intended to limit what a wronged person was permitted to do in retribution. They are there to prevent crime.

Early River Valley Civilizations

LO1: Define Mesopotamia, Sumer, city-state, cultural diffusion, polytheism, Hammurabi
LO2: Identify the region of Sumer + discuss aspects of Sumerian culture
LO3: Explain the impacts of of Agricultural Revolution on Sumerian Culture

Mesopotamia: historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris and Euphrates River system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent
Sumer: occupied the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, new irrigation techniques, invented earliest forms of writing called "cuniform"
City-State: a city that's surrounding territory forms an independent state
Cultural Diffusion: the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another
Polytheism: beliefs and worship of more than one god
Hammurabi: Babylonian created a series of laws, known as Hammurabi's Code (Crime and Outcome)
Dynasty: a line of hereditary rulers of a country
Empire:extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress

Sumer is the area between the Tigris and Euphrates river. They invented the first writing system. The ziggurat was a Sumerian temple built on top of a "mountain" of Earth. Take the concept of an hour and divide it into 60 minutes. Then a minute into 60 seconds. The Agricultural Revolution impacted Sumerian culture because they created an irrigation system.

1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
• Fertile Crescent • Mesopotamia • city-state • dynasty • cultural diffusion • polytheism • empire • Hammurabi

USING YOUR NOTES- FROM THE READING GUIDE
2. Which of the problems you
listed required the most
complex solution? Explain.

How should the city be ran. They should vote but you have to consider that they didnt have that system back then

MAIN IDEAS
3. What were the three
environmental challenges to
Sumerians?

Irrigation

dry climate

flooding
4. How did the Sumerians view
the gods?

They controlled their whole life
5. What areas of life did
Hammurabi’s Code cover?

Babylonia

City of Ur

 Explain why we consider Ur the first advanced civilization in history. Discuss the similarities and differences between the City of Ur and a modern day city.

We consider Ur the first advanced civilization in history because it has all five characteristics of a civilization. Which are Complex institutions, Advanced cities, Advanced technology, System of record keeping, and Specialize workers. Some similarities of Ur and a modern day city are that we have different jobs for different thing. They all make different goods. We also keep records of writing and important documents. A modern day city uses plates and bowls to eat just like Ur. Some differences are that rulers, priest, and priestesses don't hold power over the people in the United States today. We also don't make spear heads that much anymore because we have weapons like guns.

Humans Try To Control Nature

1.) For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.

nomad-  People moved their animals to new places.

• hunter-gatherer- In early life this was how humans survived

• Neolithic Revolution- (Agricultural revolution) shift from food-gathering to food-producing culture

• slash-and-burn farming- The ashes left over would fertilize the fields

• domestication- animals could be a constant food source

Using your notes: Which effect of the
development of agriculture
was the most significant? Explain.

Domestication of animals. This allowed for people to stop following their food source and have control over it.

MAIN IDEAS

3. How did Cro-Magnon’s new tools make survival easier?

They had tools that specialized in different things.

4. What factors played a role in the origins of agriculture?

Floods, fires, droughts, and any other natural disasters.

5. What were the first crops grown in the Americas?

Corn, beans, and squash