The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

A. Perceiving Cause and Effect As you read this section, take notes to answer the questions about three events that led to the end of medieval society.

Factor 1: The Great Schism

1. When and how did the Great Schism begin?  When two popes were elected in 1378

2. When and how was the Great Schism resolved?  In 1417 a fourth and new pope was chosen after making the three previous one resign.

3. How did the Great Schism affect medieval life? Many people didn’t believe the Pope should be the head of the church.

Factor 2: The Bubonic Plague

4. Where did the plague begin and how did it spread? Began in Asia, fleet of Genoese merchant ships arrived in Sicily carrying bubonic plague, trade routes spread it.

5. What were some economic effects of the plague? • Trade declined. Prices rose. • The serfs left the manor in search of better wages. • Nobles fiercely resisted peasant demands for higher wages

6. How did the plague affect the Church? suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers failed to stop the onslaught of the bubonic plague and priests abandoned their duties.

Factor 3: The Hundred Years’ War

7. What was the primary reason for the war? The plague

8. What was the outcome of the war? Both sides lost a lot, at different times, each side won

9. How did the war affect medieval society? A feeling of nationalism emerged in England and France. Now people thought of the king as a national leader, fighting for the glory of the country, not simply a feudal lord. • The power and prestige of the French monarch increased

B. Drawing Conclusions On the back of this paper, explain how each of the following people challenged authority in the Middle Ages.

John Wycliff- He preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the Church.

John Huss- taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope.

Joan of Arc- began to have visions and hear what she believed were voices of the saints.

TERMS & NAMES 1. For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.

• Avignon- city in France.

• Great Schism- two popes. Each declared the other to be a false pope, excommunicating his rival. The French pope lived in Avignon, while the Italian pope lived in Rome. This began the split in the Church

• John Wycliffe- He preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the Church.

• Jan Hus- taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope.

• bubonic plague- or Black Death, was a killer disease that swept repeatedly through many areas of the world.

• Hundred Years’ War- The war that Edward III launched for that throne continued on and off from 1337 to 1453.

• Joan of Arc- felt moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors.

2. Which event from the readings had the biggest economic impact on the development of Europe? Explain.

The Black Death because it wiped out the population.

MAIN IDEAS

3. What was the Great Schism?

When two popes were elected and each declared the other to be a false pope, excommunicating his rival. The French pope lived in Avignon, while the Italian pope lived in Rome. This began the split in the Church.

4. What were three effects of the bubonic plague?

Town populations fell.

• Trade declined. Prices rose.

• The serfs left the manor in search of

better wages.

• Nobles fiercely resisted peasant

demands for higher wages, causing

peasant revolts in England, France, Italy,

and Belgium.

5. What impact did Joan of Arc have on the Hundred Years’ War?

Joan of Arc guided the French onto the path of victory.